The first panel features D. Graham Burnett, history professor at Princeton, Ann Blair, history professor at Harvard, Lawrence
Krauss, professor in the school of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State, Kenneth Miller, biology
professor, Brown, Guy Ortolano, history professor, U. Virginia.
Highlights (all
paraphrased except where noted in quotes. If any of the speakers would
like to clarify or elaborate, please email me.)
AB: The gap is a good thing. In the Middle
Ages it helped to separate science first from religion. Back then
philosophers were considered “lower” than theologists, so that status
helped science advance on its own terms.
In the enlightenment we saw advances in math,
which opened things up to the masses. But after calculus was invented,
that door was largely shut to all but a few. That said, fields that relied
observation (assuming things like astronomy) were still largely accessible.
In the early 19th century we see the professionalization of science with the
creations of academies and “ologies.”
Since then, the proliferation of conferences,
journals and formal schools created bigger barriers between scientific
fields. So now there are many cultures within science.
It's better to keep things separate because
science benefits from the perception that it's objective and steers clear of
ideology. Science’s reputation is an asset.
“What” and “how” types of questions are best
answered by science. But sometimes we get into answering “ought”
questions. But when scientists try to answer those, they get linked with
political fortunes which inevitably fall.
We need multiple cultures with recognized
authorities, bridged by people like those at this event.
KM: What do the Evolution Wars have to do with the
two cultures?
I'm not a historian, but evolution has been THE
burning issue in many state elections. It's a paradox that the US
leads the
world in biomedical research, but we are at bottom of list of countries that
embraces evolution.
Speaking about a genetic marker that proves humans
evolved from apes: “If the designer wanted to fool us into thinking we
had come from evolution, this would be it.”
And yet this marker has been known for more
than 25 years. It's common knowledge among geneticists. But it's a
communications failure that no one else knows.
Plum: One critical of Snow said the division
wasn't between cultures but classes.
...And this is where the conversation's pace
exceeded my
Blackberry pecking abilities. You can pick
up the trail at Twitter.com/davidhrosen